Las nuevas tecnologías tienen un papel fundamental para el desarrollo de estrategias empresariales de sostenibilidad. Además, conforman una industria, la de Internet, muy contaminante. El sector avanza firmemente en sus compromisos con el medio ambiente.
Auxilio. Es la palabra que clama el planeta ante los hábitos del ser humano que continúan incrementando la contaminación, teniendo efectos casi mortales para el hogar global, con el cambio climático como principal problema de su actividad, y la flora y la fauna como sujetos de una decadencia histórica. Los organismos públicos e internacionales han adaptado sus políticas a tal urgencia y tratan, llenando sus cumbres del término sostenibilidad, de revertir una situación agónica. Por ejemplo, los recientes Acuerdos de París de 2020, que sustituyen al ya caduco Protocolo de Kioto, enfrentan el reto de mantener el aumento de la temperatura global por debajo de los dos grados. Asimismo, y a nivel local, el Gobierno ha lanzado la Agenda 2030, trasponiendo los 17 objetivos de desarrollo sostenible marcados por la ONU (Organización de Naciones Unidas) en dichos acuerdos. Estas medidas comunes lanzan un importante desafío a ciudadanos y empresas. En los últimos años, estas últimas han recogido el guante, creando incluso departamentos de sostenibilidad que les otorgan, además, reputación de marca.
Al respecto, la industria tecnológica es una de las que más tiene que aportar a estos compromisos. En primer lugar porque se ha erigido como capitana de la llamada ‘Cuarta Revolución Industrial’. Y, porque además, tiene varios frentes abiertos. Por una parte, multitud de expertos reconocen, no sin razón, que el desarrollo de tecnologías sostenibles nos llevarán a un futuro más limpio. Pero, por otra, estas nuevas herramientas forman parte de una industria que contamina, y mucho.
Según un balance de National Geographic, si Internet fuese un país sería el cuarto más contaminante del globo. Su huella ecológica equivale a un consumo aproximado del 7% de la electricidad mundial. Un escenario que va a más si tenemos en cuenta la cantidad de millones de dispositivos conectados que existen en la actualidad o el creciente número de centros de datos de las compañías que conforman este sector. De acuerdo con la Agencia Internacional de la Energía, con cifras previas a la pandemia de la COVID-19, la carga de trabajo de los data centers se ha multiplicado por ocho en los últimos 10 años, y el tráfico de Internet por 12, aunque, eso sí, su consumo de energía se ha mantenido estable.
Hasta comprar vía online contamina. De hecho, el think tank Observatorio Sostenibilidad otorgó a Amazon en 2018 el dudoso honor de ser la firma más contaminante del mundo, con una huella de carbono de 44 millones de toneladas de dióxido de carbono, una cifra superior a la de nueve de las 27 geografías de la Unión Europea (UE).
Por añadido, está el problema del hardware, que también afrenta a los consumidores. La reutilización de dispositivos y la venta de Things as a Service (TaaS) tratan de paliar este problema. Un estudio de la Fundación Mundial del Reciclaje pone de manifiesto que la basura electrónica es ya la principal amenaza para todo el planeta. Las 53 millones de toneladas de residuos que se generan en la actualidad cada año se duplicarán en 2050. Algo que se podría paliar reutilizando entre el 70% y el 90% de los dispositivos electrónicos que se producen.
Fuente: https://www.computerworld.es/
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