a segunda jornada de Greencities, 10º Foro de Inteligencia y Sostenibilidad Urbana, acogió la presentación de la Agenda Urbana Española 2030 (AUE), aprobada el pasado 22 de febrero por el Consejo de Ministros. La subdirectora general de Políticas Urbanas del Ministerio de Fomento, Ángela de la Cruz, fue la encargada de ofrecer algunas pinceladas del documento.
Así, destacó que la AUE se encuentra “en sintonía con la normativa internacional”, en particular con respecto a la ‘Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible’ de Naciones Unidas, puesto que “se identifica especialmente con el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible número 11, relativo a la construcción de ciudades y comunidades sostenibles”, así como a la ‘Agenda Urbana de la Unión Europea’, con la que también se encuentra alineada en sus objetivos y estrategias.
De la Cruz definió el documento recientemente aprobado como “un marco estratégico para orientar el sentido de las políticas urbanas sostenibles con objetivo sociales, ambientales y económicos”. La subdirectora general de Políticas Urbanas del Ministerio de Fomento concretó que las diez áreas temáticas del marco estratégico se centran en territorio, paisaje y biodiversidad; modelo de ciudad; cambio climático; gestión sostenible de los recursos y economía circular; movilidad y transporte, cohesión social e igualdad de oportunidades; economía urbana; vivienda; era digital, y, por último, instrumentos -normativos, de planificación y de financiación-, a los que otorga especial relevancia.
Los grupos de trabajo implicados en la consecución de objetivos de la AUE son los ministerios, las comunicadas autónomas, la Federación Española de Municipios y Provincias (FEMP), la Red de Iniciativas Urbanas (RIU), el sector privado, y el que De la Cruz denominó como “tercer sector”, que incluye a la sociedad civil o a las universidades, entre otros.
La directora general ponderó el “importantísimo papel que juegan los municipios”, e hizo hincapié en que la AUE no tiene rango normativo, sino que “se basa en la voluntariedad de los compromisos de las administraciones públicas y el resto de actores interesados”.
Además, declaró que, “a pesar de que España está en una buena posición de partida, aún existen retos importantes”. En este sentido, enumeró cuáles son los principales retos sociodemográficos. Así, llamó la atención sobre “los altos niveles de envejecimiento, la despoblación de muchas zonas rurales, los desequilibrios territoriales y la falta de oportunidades y dificultades de acceso a servicios básicos por la población más vulnerable”.
Por otro lado, continuó, los principales desafíos relacionados con la gestión de las ciudades giran en torno a la actual generación de “un modelo urbano compacto, complejo y razonablemente denso”. Un objetivo que choca con los desequilibrios existentes entre la construcción de nueva ciudad y la rehabilitación y regeneración urbana y, por otro lado, la escasez de vivienda públicas en alquiler. De la Cruz se mostró partidaria de “revertir procesos de clasificación o urbanización sobredimensionada y priorizar las actuaciones sobre los barrios que ya están catalogados como más vulnerables para reducir los desequilibrios territoriales”.
Uno de los principales retos urbanos a los que deben enfrentarse las ciudades es la reducción de la presencia del vehículo privado, para lo cual se mostró partidaria de innovar en el transporte público -clave en las ciudades inteligentes- y fomentar las vías ciclistas y la peatonalización de las ciudades, informaron fuentes de Greencities.
Asimismo, dijo que es necesario optimizar los instrumentos existentes en España para activar los principios de la Agenda, ya que “la normativa es excesiva, heterogénea y muy rígida”. De la Cruz aportó un dato muy ilustrativo: en la actualidad “hay casi 90 normas urbanísticas vigentes y más de 5.330 ordenanzas municipales”.
Fuente: www.interempresas.net
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