Son emergentes pero el cambio que provocarán en la sociedad emergida tras la pandemia será gigante. Hablamos de las tecnologías que más impacto tendrán en el próximo lustro, según las perspectivas de un grupo de expertos convocado por el Foro Económico Mundial y la revista de divulgación científica Scientific American. Muchas de ellas están directamente relacionadas con las tecnologías de la información, como no podría ser de otra manera. Por ejemplo, la computación espacial, que combina aplicaciones y sensores de realidad aumentada para elevar a un nuevo nivel las interacciones hombre-máquina y máquina-máquina. Esta tecnología aúna estas capacidades y controla los movimientos e interacciones de los objetos, lo que permite a una persona navegar por el mundo digital y físico.
Otra tendencia relevante será el auge de los sensores cuánticos. Estos posibilitarán el uso de vehículos autónomos que puedan “ver” en las esquinas, sistemas de navegación submarina, sistemas de alerta temprana para detectar actividad volcánica y terremotos y escáneres portátiles que vigilen la actividad cerebral de una persona durante la vida diaria.
A estas tecnologías se suman las relacionadas más directamente con la salud, como los llamados ‘pacientes virtuales’. Si se usa a estos, en lugar de a humanos, los ensayos de las vacunas podrían realizarse de manera más rápida y menos costosa. Esta tecnología reduciría significativamente el número de sujetos humanos necesarios para la experimentación.
En el campo sanitario tendrá también un importante papel la medicina digital, que agrupa a toda una serie de aplicaciones capaces de detectar y controlar la salud mental y física de los pacientes. Estas aplicaciones y bots podrían mejorar la medicina tradicional y brindar apoyo a los pacientes que tengan un acceso limitado a la atención médica. De hecho, mientras se desarrollaba el brote de la COVID-19, se crearon docenas de aplicaciones médicas y bots para detectar la depresión y proporcionar asesoramiento. Los bots fueron capaces de responder a más de 200 millones de preguntas sobre los síntomas y tratamientos de la enfermedad. “COVID-19 seguirá dando forma a nuestras vidas, y estas tecnologías emergentes podrían llenar los vacíos creados por la pandemia”, aseveran los científicos de este informe.
La tecnología también será clave para abordar la síntesis de todo el genoma, que transformará por completo la ingeniería celular. Sin duda, tal y como recuerdan los expertos consultados para hacer esta lista, la capacidad de escribir el genoma humano ayudará inevitablemente a los médicos a curar todas las enfermedades genéticas. Ya ha habido experiencias positivas al respecto. Un grupo suizo fue capaz de sintetizar todo el genoma de la COVID-19 reproduciendo la secuencia genética que subió a la nube unos científicos chinos. Lo que hicieron fue teletransportar el virus a su laboratorio para poder estudiarlo sin esperar a que llegaran las muestras físicas.
Más allá del ámbito de las TIC son muchas las tecnologías que destacan estos expertos para el futuro próximo: desde diminutas agujas que prometen inyecciones y análisis de sangre sin dolor hasta hasta la llegada de la aviación eléctrica, pasando por la producción de cemento de bajo carbono, la química impulsada por el sol o el auge del hidrógeno verde.
Fuente: https://www.computerworld.es
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