En 2023 superó los 1.000 millones de dólares en financiación de capital riesgo, según GlobalData.
El mercado de la computación cuántica, que es pequeño a día de hoy, está empezando a atraer un volumen de inversión considerable tanto del sector privado como del público, según GlobalData. Y, es que, dice la consultora, con el potencial de ser revolucionario en criptografía, desarrollo de fármacos, modelado financiero, y en otros sectores, grandes actores tecnológicos como Alphabet, IBM, Intel y Microsoft están haciendo que esta tecnología emerja del ámbito teórico hacia las aplicaciones prácticas.
Según Isabel Al-Dhahir, analista principal de inteligencia temática de GlobalData, “los ordenadores cuánticos no son sistemas de propósito general, sino potentes sistemas de procesamiento paralelo para llevar a cabo tareas específicas. Teóricamente, las computadoras cuánticas pueden simular sistemas grandes, inciertos y complicados en segundos, incluido el clima, los mercados financieros, las reacciones químicas, las moléculas y las neuronas en el cerebro humano. El creciente entusiasmo por la computación cuántica hizo que la financiación de capital riesgo superara los 1.000 millones de dólares en 2023”.
La computación cuántica es una tecnología geopolíticamente sensible. La posibilidad de alterar fundamentalmente las industrias, desde la farmacéutica hasta la financiera, y el peligro que suponen las tecnologías de cifrado han colocado a la computación cuántica en las agendas nacionales. Numerosos países están desarrollando estrategias cuánticas nacionales. Quizás la más influyente sea la Iniciativa Cuántica Nacional de Estados Unidos, que intenta superar a China en otro frente del campo de batalla tecnológico cada vez más amplio.
«China ha hecho enormes avances para ponerse al día con Estados Unidos. En 2024, los dos países están casi empatados, aunque con estrategias muy diferentes. Las empresas privadas lideran el camino en los Estados Unidos; en China, la experiencia se concentra cada vez más en las instituciones estatales. Alibaba y Baidu se han retirado notablemente del mercado, dedicando equipos de última generación a las instituciones nacionales de China», expresa la analista.
Tras una marcada reducción de la volatilidad a mediados de 2023, el sector tecnológico mundial ha experimentado una reactivación, beneficiándose tanto de los titulares como de las startups. Sin embargo, las empresas de computación cuántica aún pueden experimentar dificultades, sobre todo porque muchas no tienen un camino actual hacia la rentabilidad. Además, aunque la inflación está disminuyendo en las principales economías, los tipos de interés siguen siendo relativamente altos, lo que contribuye a la dificultad de obtener financiación, ya que los capitalistas de riesgo buscan inversiones de menor riesgo con rendimientos a corto plazo.
«Muchas aplicaciones se beneficiarán de la computación cuántica. Sin embargo, es posible que pase más de una década antes de que la tecnología esté lo suficientemente madura como para marcar el comienzo de la era cuántica. Los problemas de ingeniería diabólicamente difíciles, el exceso de publicidad y la fase previa a los ingresos de muchas empresas cuánticas significan que se avecina un invierno cuántico prolongado».
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