Los retos pendientes de la Unión Europea en materia de investigación. Se han publicado recientemente los datos de inversión en I+D en Europa para el año 2021. La inversión total de la Unión Europea (UE) en investigación y desarrollo fue de 331 mil millones de euros, lo que supone un 6,9% más que el año anterior. Si se comparan los datos con respecto al año 2011, el aumento de la inversión es mucho más significativa, un 45%.
Los datos ofrecidos por la UE también analizan la intensidad de gasto, es decir, el gasto en I+D como porcentaje del PIB. En 2021 la intensidad fue del 2,30%, ligeramente menor al año 2020. Este dato está justificado por la subida del PIB en 2021 tras la importante caída en 2020 a causa de la pandemia. A la cabeza se sitúa Bélgica, con el 3,43%, seguido de Suecia (3,40%) y Austria (3,26%).
A nivel europeo, el gasto en I+D en relación al PIB está por debajo de grandes potencias como Corea del Sur, Estados Unidos o Japón.
Eurostat también ofrece información acerca de los sectores que más invierten en I+D. En 2021, el sector empresarial representó el 65,95% del total del gasto en I+D. Este porcentaje se traduce en 218.320 millones de euros. Tras el sector empresarial se sitúa la educación superior, con el 21,76%, el sector gubernamental con el 11, 64%, por último, el sector privado sin fines de lucro con el 0,65%.
Desde hace años, el objetivo de la Unión Europea ha sido equiparar la inversión en investigación a la de sus principales competidores. Un reto que, tal y como reflejan los datos, todavía no ha conseguido.
Para alcanzarlo, la UE cuenta con el Espacio Europeo de Investigación a través del cual se persigue crear un área común en la UE para la investigación, innovación y la tecnología. Establecido en el año 2000, su objetivo ha sido desde entonces fortalecer la base científica y tecnológica de Europa, mejorar su competitividad a nivel global y abordar desafíos comunes como la transición verde y digital o la salud pública.
En la actualidad, el principal fondo de financiación del Espacio Europeo de Investigación es el programa marco Horizonte Europa, buque insignia de la investigación e innovación para el periodo 2021-2027. El sucesor al programa Horizonte 2020, tiene un presupuesto de 95.517 millones de euros para financiar proyectos innovadores que contribuyan a la resolución de los desafíos globales.
En diciembre de 2022, la Comisión anunciaba una inversión de alrededor de 13.500 millones de euros en el periodo 2023-2024 destinados al apoyo de investigadores e innovadores de Europa que estén trabajando en la búsqueda de soluciones revolucionarias para los retos tecnológicos, medioambientales, energéticos, digitales y geopolíticos, fomentar el ecosistema europeo de innovación, y el intercambio de personal investigador, y ampliar la participación y fortalecer el espacio europeo de Investigación.
En resumen, aunque la inversión en I+D en la Unión Europea ha aumentado, sigue sin alcanzar a las principales potencias mundiales. La intensidad de gasto en I+D es un área de mejora, y la UE trabaja para equipararse a nivel global. El programa Horizonte Europa demuestra su compromiso con la investigación e innovación. Las nuevas metodologías de financiamiento y evaluación prometen equidad y calidad en la financiación de proyectos de investigación. La UE progresa, pero enfrenta desafíos en su búsqueda de excelencia en investigación e innovación a nivel global.
Fuente: https://revistabyte.es/tendencias-tic/retos-investigacion/
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