La Comisión Europea define una serie de vulnerabilidades tecnológicas del bloque que serán sometidas a evaluaciones de riesgo para decidir si necesitan medidas de protección adicionales.
Ante las crecientes tensiones geoestratégicas globales, la Comisión Europea busca cuidarse las espaldas y crear una resiliencia tecnológica que le permita desprenderse de la dependencia con otras potencias. En este contexto, Bruselas ha definido diez “áreas tecnológicas críticas” cuyas vulnerabilidades podrían suponer un riesgo a la seguridad del bloque.
De las diez áreas, cuatro serán sometidas a una evaluación de riesgo por parte de expertos del sector público y privado para decidir si necesitan medidas adicionales de protección frente a los rivales geopolíticos de Europa. Se trata de los semiconductores, la inteligencia artificial (IA), la computación cuántica y las biotecnologías, que serán analizadas hasta final de año para “identificar riesgos en cada área, tanto los puntos fuertes a preservar como las vulnerabilidades que hay que resolver”, explicó Vera Jourova, vicepresidenta de la Comisión responsable de Valores y Transparencia.
“Estas tecnologías están ahora en el centro de la competencia geopolítica y la UE quiere ser un jugador, no solo un campo de juego. Y para ser un jugador, necesitamos una posición europea unida, basada en una evaluación común de los riesgos”, manifestó Jourova, aunque desde la Comisión aseguraron que “no es una lista de tecnologías sobre las que vamos a imponer restricciones o un control de exportaciones. No estamos prejuzgando ninguna medida que podríamos tomar, solo decimos que estas tecnologías, debido a los criterios que usamos, tienen una cierta importancia a la hora de valorar la seguridad económica y que tenemos que analizarlas más en profundidad para evaluar el riesgo y cuál es la mejor manera de afrontarlo. Y eso no es necesariamente mediante medidas proteccionistas. También puede ser promocionando más inversiones en esas tecnologías o mediante alianzas para reducir las dependencias”.
Para definir estas tecnologías críticas, los criterios fueron que éstas tuvieran el “potencial para provocar incrementos significativos de eficiencia y/o cambios radicales”, que sirvan para los ámbitos militar y civil, que puedan llegar a “minar la paz y seguridad” y que puedan ser utilizadas para violar derechos humanos.
Si bien Bruselas no especifica a sus rivales geopolíticos, China ha sido señalada en otras ocasiones por la Comisión como un riesgo para el bloque. El comisario de Mercado Interior, Thierry Breton reiteró que “esto no va contra nadie, no va contra ningún país o continente, lo hacemos por nosotros, por Europa» y para “adaptarse a las nuevas realidades geopolíticas, poniendo fin a una era de ingenuidad y actuando como una potencia geopolítica real”.
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