El IoT se está imponiendo como una de las tendencias tecnológicas dominantes, tanto a nivel de organizaciones empresariales, como activo para distintas industrias, como en consumo. Se espera que el número de dispositivos conectados se multiplique en los próximos años, impulsado por los nuevos estándares de red como el 5G o el Wi-Fi 6, que prometen mejorar las comunicaciones tanto a nivel M2M como entre máquinas y usuarios. Con una velocidad más alta y una latencia más baja, aplicaciones como el ‘streaming’, la realidad virtual o aumentada verán potenciado su uso. Para 2025 se calcula que habrá 21.500 millones de dispositivos conectados IoT.
Pero el Internet de las Cosas trae aparejados también una serie de problemas, como señala el INCIBE-CERT. A medida que se dispara su uso, crecen las posibilidades de sufrir un incidente que exponga la información que contienen los dispositivos o se comparte por la red, que es cada vez más sensible; y su aprovechamiento como posible puerta de entrada a ciberataques en la medida en que se emplean para el trabajo en las organizaciones. Desde el Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad indican las vulnerabilidades más comunes en relación a IoT que se han encontrado a lo largo de 2018 y proponen posibles soluciones.
Mal uso de contraseñas. El empleo de claves no seguras, embebidas o que vienen por defecto por igual para todos los dispositivos está muy arraigada y ha sido explotada para realizar ataques DDoS. El INCIBE recomienda anticiparse con una medida sencilla que, sin embargo, no siempre se cumple: emplear contraseñas únicas.
Servicios de red con baja cobertura o innecesarios, que se ejecutan en segundo plano y se pueden vulnerar fácilmente. Se deben deshabilitar todos los servicios no necesarios y proteger los que sí lo sean.
Herramientas externas con configuraciones no verificables implantadas en el dispositivo. Interfaces web, API en el ‘back-end’, accesos a la nube sin proteger pueden comprometer la seguridad, para lo que se debe filtrar y controlar el acceso y encriptar las comunicaciones.
Firmware y componentes desactualizados o con bajos niveles de protección en los procesos de actualización. Frecuentemente no se cuenta con mecanismos de validación o de vuelta a versiones previas, permitiendo que se trabaje con herramientas obsoletas o de terceros sin modernizar. Es conveniente revisar el origen y la integridad de los componentes y el firmware en todo el proceso, además del grado de actualización.
Mala gestión de la información personal. Se detecta, por un lado, un bajo nivel de garantía de privacidad en el manejo de datos, que frecuentemente se realiza sin el control o los permisos necesarios. Como posible remedio, el INCIBE plantea la posibilidad de establecer una política para la manipulación de información del usuario que limite e informe del acceso. Por otro, no se asegura ni el almacenamiento ni la transferencia de datos, ante lo que se incide en el control del acceso y se propone el empleo de algoritmos de cifrado.
Mala gestión de los dispositivos de producción. No siempre se realizan los procesos necesarios para mantener actualizados y monitorizados los elementos IoT empleados.
Uso de configuraciones por defecto, que acostumbran a ser inseguras. Ante esto, se incide en el cambio a configuraciones de protección y la aplicación de políticas estrictas de filtrado de las conexiones y la gestión de permisos.
Falta de bastionado físico, sin controles sobre el acceso al dispositivo. Para evitarlo se debe impedir que personas no autorizadas manipulen o accedan a la infraestructura con, por ejemplo, la implantación de medidas como videocámaras o vigilantes de seguridad.
Fuente: https://www.networkworld.es
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
__cf_bm | 1 hour | This cookie, set by Cloudflare, is used to support Cloudflare Bot Management. |
_GRECAPTCHA | 6 months | Google Recaptcha service sets this cookie to identify bots to protect the website against malicious spam attacks. |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-advertisement | 1 year | Set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin, this cookie records the user consent for the cookies in the "Advertisement" category. |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional | 11 months | The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-others | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. |
cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance | 11 months | This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". |
CookieLawInfoConsent | 1 year | CookieYes sets this cookie to record the default button state of the corresponding category and the status of CCPA. It works only in coordination with the primary cookie. |
csrftoken | 1 year | This cookie is associated with Django web development platform for python. Used to help protect the website against Cross-Site Request Forgery attacks |
opt_out | 1 year | This cookie is used for preventing the installation of third party advertiser or other cookies on the browser. |
PHPSESSID | 24 minutes | This cookie is native to PHP applications. The cookie stores and identifies a user's unique session ID to manage user sessions on the website. The cookie is a session cookie and will be deleted when all the browser windows are closed. |
rc::a | never | This cookie is set by the Google recaptcha service to identify bots to protect the website against malicious spam attacks. |
rc::b | session | This cookie is set by the Google recaptcha service to identify bots to protect the website against malicious spam attacks. |
rc::c | session | This cookie is set by the Google recaptcha service to identify bots to protect the website against malicious spam attacks. |
rc::f | never | This cookie is set by the Google recaptcha service to identify bots to protect the website against malicious spam attacks. |
ts | 1 year 1 month | PayPal sets this cookie to enable secure transactions through PayPal. |
usprivacy | 1 year 1 month | This is a consent cookie set by Dailymotion to store the CCPA consent string (mandatory information about an end-user being or not being a California consumer and exercising or not exercising its statutory right). |
viewed_cookie_policy | 11 months | The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data. |
wordpress_test_cookie | session | WordPress sets this cookie to determine whether cookies are enabled on the users' browsers. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
cX_G | 1 year 1 month | Cxense sets this cookie for storing the global ID, mapping different ids together into one ID. |
v1st | 1 year 1 month | The v1st cookie is set by TripAdvisor to collect details about how visitors use the website, by displaying user reviews, awards and information received on the TripAdvisor community. |
yt-player-headers-readable | never | The yt-player-headers-readable cookie is used by YouTube to store user preferences related to video playback and interface, enhancing the user's viewing experience. |
yt-remote-cast-available | session | The yt-remote-cast-available cookie is used to store the user's preferences regarding whether casting is available on their YouTube video player. |
yt-remote-cast-installed | session | The yt-remote-cast-installed cookie is used to store the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video. |
yt-remote-connected-devices | never | YouTube sets this cookie to store the user's video preferences using embedded YouTube videos. |
yt-remote-device-id | never | YouTube sets this cookie to store the user's video preferences using embedded YouTube videos. |
yt-remote-fast-check-period | session | The yt-remote-fast-check-period cookie is used by YouTube to store the user's video player preferences for embedded YouTube videos. |
yt-remote-session-app | session | The yt-remote-session-app cookie is used by YouTube to store user preferences and information about the interface of the embedded YouTube video player. |
yt-remote-session-name | session | The yt-remote-session-name cookie is used by YouTube to store the user's video player preferences using embedded YouTube video. |
ytidb::LAST_RESULT_ENTRY_KEY | never | The cookie ytidb::LAST_RESULT_ENTRY_KEY is used by YouTube to store the last search result entry that was clicked by the user. This information is used to improve the user experience by providing more relevant search results in the future. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
_gat | 1 minute | Google Universal Analytics sets this cookie to restrain request rate and thus limit data collection on high-traffic sites. |
dmvk | session | The dmvk cookie is set by Dailymotion to record data of visitor behaviour on the website. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
_fbp | 3 months | Facebook sets this cookie to display advertisements when either on Facebook or on a digital platform powered by Facebook advertising after visiting the website. |
_ga | 1 year 1 month 4 days | Google Analytics sets this cookie to calculate visitor, session and campaign data and track site usage for the site's analytics report. The cookie stores information anonymously and assigns a randomly generated number to recognise unique visitors. |
_gid | 1 day | Google Analytics sets this cookie to store information on how visitors use a website while also creating an analytics report of the website's performance. Some of the collected data includes the number of visitors, their source, and the pages they visit anonymously. |
cX_P | 1 year 1 month | Cxense sets this cookie for site-specific user sessions - across sessions. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
guest_id | 1 year 1 month | Twitter sets this cookie to identify and track the website visitor. It registers if a user is signed in to the Twitter platform and collects information about ad preferences. |
test_cookie | 15 minutes | doubleclick.net sets this cookie to determine if the user's browser supports cookies. |
VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE | 6 months | YouTube sets this cookie to measure bandwidth, determining whether the user gets the new or old player interface. |
VISITOR_PRIVACY_METADATA | 6 months | YouTube sets this cookie to store the user's cookie consent state for the current domain. |
YSC | session | Youtube sets this cookie to track the views of embedded videos on Youtube pages. |
yt.innertube::nextId | never | YouTube sets this cookie to register a unique ID to store data on what videos from YouTube the user has seen. |
yt.innertube::requests | never | YouTube sets this cookie to register a unique ID to store data on what videos from YouTube the user has seen. |
Cookie | Duración | Descripción |
---|---|---|
__cflb | 1 day | This cookie is used by Cloudflare for load balancing. |
_awl | 1 year 1 month | No description available. |
_pcid | 1 year 1 month | Description is currently not available. |
_pctx | 1 year 1 month | Description is currently not available. |
gckp | 1 year | This cookie is set by the provider Cxense. This cookie is used for building user profile information across all sites in the Cxense network. |
itsec-hb-login-27e4caa2b0fb20a2dee118de04e9de77 | 1 hour | Description is currently not available. |
ntvSession | session | Description is currently not available. |