La aplicación de las tecnologías y la digitalización a los procesos de producción y fabricación está dando lugar a la conocida como cuarta revolución industrial o industria 4.0. Aunque las perspectivas son positivas, se trata de una evolución lenta: según datos de la consultora PwC, por el momento solo un 10% de las compañías fabricantes globales están en una fase avanzada del proceso, mientras que casi dos tercios apenas se han iniciado en él.
Así lo apunta también un reciente informe de Deloitte, en el que se profundiza en un problema de fondo: las empresas reconocen la necesidad de adaptarse al nuevo entorno digital y tienen previsto invertir en este cambio, pero hay una serie de desacuerdos estructurales que pueden hacer peligrar estos esfuerzos. A través de las preguntas realizadas a más de 350 directivos de empresas relacionadas con distintas industrias, la encuesta The Industry 4.0 paradox: Overcoming disconnects on the path to digital transformation detecta cuatro grandes paradojas por la parte de la estrategia, la innovación, la cadena de producción y el talento, que en cierto modo se relacionan entre sí.
Por la parte de la estrategia, la paradoja viene del escaso reconocimiento a los efectos de la digitalización en el crecimiento económico. Un 94% de encuestados reconocen que la transformación digital es un imperativo organizacional, pero el porcentaje baja al 68% cuando se trata de concebirlo como una vía para las ganancias. Esto es, no se asocia la digitalización a un elemento que puede modificar o hacer crecer el negocio, revelando una actitud defensiva que plantea dificultades para explotar todo su potencial.
Algo similar sucede a la hora de plantearse la situación en innovación. La digitalización se ve como una vía para mejorar tareas existentes, como incrementar la productividad y alcanzar objetivos operacionales. Muchos de los encuestados no visualizan que la transformación digital, y la inversión que a ella dedican, abre posibilidades a la innovación que pueden incrementar la rentabilidad y recuperarse, así, económicamente. La innovación, por sí misma, debería ser parte de la estrategia de inversión de las compañías.
La cadena de producción se identifica como el área de inversión más importante, pero sin embargo solo un 34% de los participantes la consideran un importante elemento para la innovación. Esto es: no hay una alineación entre los intereses estratégicos de las empresas y a qué se destinan los presupuestos, falta una visión integradora que sepa sacar el máximo partido al dinero que se destina a este elemento del proceso de fabricación.
En relación al personal cualificado para la transformación digital, la mayor parte de las organizaciones dicen tener profesionales preparados para afrontar el proceso, con solo un 15% de participantes que consideran que hay una brecha importante entre preparación y desarrollo y que necesitan cambiar la composición de su plantilla. Sin embargo, también consideran que el mayor reto a nivel de cultura y organización es encontrar, formar y retener el talento adecuado. Se pone de relieve una diferencia entre la percepción de las habilidades propias y las necesidades que se necesitan, que se debe afrontar para poder identificar claramente qué carencias hay a nivel de personal.
Fuente: https://www.ciospain.es
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