En los últimos tiempos, se está abriendo paso una nueva línea de pensamiento para la que la transformación digital debe llevar parejo un cambio en la mentalidad de la plantilla. En esta línea se están concentrando gran parte de los titulares sobre este proceso, frente a los de perfil más técnico que se ven habitualmente. De forma similar ocurre con las smart cities. Las ciudades inteligentes son espacios en los que la tecnología tiene un papel clave; sin embargo, contar con el conocimiento y apoyo de la ciudadanía es crítico para que las instalaciones funcionen a pleno rendimiento y con total éxito.
Así lo asegura la consultora Gartner, para la que las iniciativas en el terreno de las localidades inteligentes ya no deben pasar únicamente por los proyectos meramente tecnológicos, como la gestión de tráfico, aparcamientos o alumbrado. “El camino a seguir hoy en día es un enfoque ascendente, orientado a la comunidad, donde los ciudadanos son una parte integral del diseño y desarrollo de smart cities”, explica de Bettina Tratz-Ryan, vicepresidenta de investigación en Gartner, “y ya no una política descendente, con los líderes de la ciudad centrándose solo en las plataformas tecnológicas”. Es decir: no apostar solo por smart cities, sino también por ciudadanos smart, que más allá de conocer el funcionamiento de determinadas tecnologías, mantengan un diálogo fluido con los gestores de la localidad.
Una relación semejante a la de las empresas que cuentan con buenos índices de experiencia de usuario, o al de las compañías en pleno proceso de transformación digital, que buscan que sus empleados sigan el paso de las nuevas tendencias. Esto no va en detrimento del avance tecnológico: en tanto los responsables de la evolución de las localidades buscan implicar a los ciudadanos en su desarrollo y conocer sus impresiones, las empresas continúan su trabajo para facilitar este proceso.
Por ejemplo, en el último MWC se pudieron conocer algunos de los avances de HPE en este terreno, que colaborará con la ciudad india de Bhopal en el desarrollo del primero centro integrado de control basado en la nube. Una solución end-to-end que permite el control y administración de servicios de la ciudad, e incluso de otras localidades de la misma región, el estado de Madhya Pradesh. Esto permitirá el ahorro de costes, frente al despliegue individual, con la misma respuesta para los usuarios.
Para Gartner, la utilidad de este tipo de herramientas va de la mano de que los encargados de TI en los gobiernos locales sepan implicar a los ciudadanos. Para esto, plantea una pequeña guía de buenas prácticas para estos responsables que se resume en cuatro puntos. Por una parte, tienen que identificar y priorizar los problemas de los habitantes de la localidad y aplicar la tecnología en su resolución. También deben ser conscientes de la brecha digital e incluir a la ciudadanía con menores habilidades tech. Además, necesitan tener una importante política de transparencia que garantice el acceso a toda persona u organización que lo desee a sus herramientas. Por último, se deben emplear medidas e indicadores de rendimiento para evaluar el progreso de la ciudad inteligente y detectar prioridades y necesidades.
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