Europa ya invierte en potenciar y mejorar lo que se conoce como ‘salud urbana’. El proyecto se engloba dentro de las eMOTIONAL Cities, cuyo objetivo final es empezar a establecer entornos inteligentes, sostenibles e inclusivos en todas las grandes ciudades del continente.
El método utilizado aúna neurociencia, tecnología como Inteligencia Artificial y Big Data, y conocimientos en diseño urbanístico para obtener las mejores conclusiones posibles. Con ello se prevé mejorar la salud de los ciudadanos, tanto en términos físicos como mentales.
La forma de obtener los datos depende de cada proyecto. Sin embargo, el término común es analizar la reacción fisiológica de las personas al desplazarse por determinados puntos del mapa urbano para tenerlo en cuenta en el futuro diseño de cada ciudad, según condiciones de sus ciudadanos y del entorno.
A través de estos datos recopilados, y mediante la gestión de tecnologías como la Inteligencia Artificial o el Big Data a gran escala, se consigue obtener una serie de información que hace indicar qué lugares producen peores sensaciones en gran parte de la población o cómo reacciona el cuerpo ante determinados diseños.
“Se hace un seguimiento ocular, se observa la expresión facial, se obtienen datos a través de electrocardiogramas y electroencefalogramas para tener el máximo conocimiento de las diferentes reacciones que se producen”, indica Ana García, directora de Máster en LCI Barcelona y fundadora del estudio NeuronaLab.
La Comisión Europea remarca que el desarrollo mundial está dentro de una tendencia de cada vez más urbanismo, por lo que es clave situar a las personas en el centro de las ciudades del futuro. Por ello, se reconoce que se necesitan obtener datos reales y comprobados para una posible elaboración de políticas de salud urbana.
“Consiste en recoger de manera minuciosa la respuesta fisiológica de las personas con su entorno urbano y construido. Los resultados obtenidos seguramente nos ofrezcan un marco de referencia en el que apoyarnos como diseñadores, para mejorar la experiencia de los ciudadanos con el medio en el que se desenvuelven cotidianamente”, especifica la especialista. El análisis es tan exhaustivo que se estudia la respuesta galvánica de la piel o el tiempo de duración de una mirada ante un estímulo que haya en el entorno.
Lisboa, Copenaghe, Londres y Michigan son algunas de las ciudades en las que se está desarrollando el proyecto de salud urbana. También se elaborará un informe donde se destaque la vinculación de diseño de ciudades con la salud de sus ciudadanos. Mientras tanto, los expertos destacan estudios ya elaborados donde se refleja que, en centros sanitarios con un entorno biofílico, la evolución de los pacientes es mejor, al igual que en aquellos lugares donde se potencia la luz natural frente a la luz artificial.
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