La Unión Europea se desliga de Asia y Estados Unidos mediante el respaldo de un plan de chips por valor de 1.000 millones de euros refrendado por los Veintisiete. Así pretenden reducir su dependencia.
La Unión Europea da un paso unánime hacia el futuro. Conscientes del daño que ha hecho la dependencia de terceros en materia de semiconductores, especialmente durante las fases más críticas de la crisis de suministros, Europa ha impulsado un nuevo plan de acción en aras de la soberanía digital. Los Veintisiete han acordado un plan de 45.000 millones de euros para financiar la producción de chips en la Eurozona, dando alas así al propósito de reducir la dependencia con Asia y Estados Unidos. Los enviados de la UE, tal y como avanzó el representante de República Checa, quien actualmente ostenta la presidencia rotatoria, respaldaron unánimemente una versión modificada de la propuesta de la Comisión Europea. Será el próximo 1 de diciembre cuando los ministros de la Unión Europea se reúnan para aprobar el plan de semiconductores; sin embargo, este aún deberá debatirse con el Parlamento Europeo el próximo año antes de que pueda convertirse en ley.
El Ejecutivo europeo, que espera que los subsidios estatales ayuden al bloque a alcanzar una participación del 20% en la capacidad global de chips para 2030, presentó su propuesta después de que la escasez mundial de chips y los cuellos de botella en la cadena de suministro afectaran a diversos sectores críticos y a un sinfín de compañías. Un plan de acción en forma de propuesta que pretende impulsar la participación actual de Europa en la producción de chips que se sitúa actualmente en el 8%. Una cifra significativamente inferior al 24% alcanzado en la década de los 2000.
Los cambios acordados por los enviados a la propuesta de la Comisión incluyeron permitir subsidios estatales para una gama más amplia de chips, y no solo para los más avanzados. En este sentido los subsidios cubrirán chips que aportan innovación en potencia informática, eficiencia energética, ganancias ambientales e inteligencia artificial. Asimismo, tal y como recoge Reuters, los países de la Unión también intentaron limitar los poderes de la Comisión alegando que sus solicitudes de información a las empresas durante una crisis deben ser “proporcionadas y centradas en la seguridad”.
A pesar de esto, los legisladores europeos aún se enfrentan a la tarea de analizar la viabilidad de los fondos destinados a sufragar el proyecto. Y es que la Comisión había destinado capital de programas de investigación y fondos no gastados de otros esquemas, lo que generó críticas de algunos países de la UE sobre un posible e injusto beneficio a los países que ya tienen instalaciones de chips o están preparados para atraer fabricantes de chips.
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