Un informe de ONTSI indica que España figura por encima de la media europea en la incorporación de Inteligencia Artificial por parte de las empresas.
El ONTSI (Observatorio Nacional de Tecnología y Sociedad) -adscrito a Red.es-, acaba de presentar un dossier de indicadores sobre uso de inteligencia artificial en las empresas durante el año 2020 en España y en la Unión Europea. Se trata del primer estudio oficial de la Secretaría de Estado de Digitalización e Inteligencia Artificial (SEDIA) sobre la adopción de esta tecnología.
Según recoge el documento, la inteligencia artificial (IA) tiene, en general, un bajo nivel de adopción en las empresas europeas. España, con una incorporación de IA en las empresas del 7%, figura por encima de la media de la Europa de los 27 que se sitúa en el 6%. Los países líderes son los angloparlantes Irlanda (20%) y Malta (15%), seguidos de los nórdicos Finlandia (10%) y Dinamarca (9%).
Las infraestructuras de partida y la política de impulso a través de la Estrategia Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (ENIA) presentada en diciembre de 2020 impulsarán la adopción de la inteligencia artificial en los próximos años, consolidando a España en el grupo de los países aventajados entre los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea. Asimismo, España cuenta con un buen posicionamiento de partida por su liderazgo en el despliegue de infraestructuras 5G y la presencia de hubs tecnológicos que investigan sobre esta tecnología.
La extensión de la inteligencia artificial en el sistema productivo impactará en una amplia gama de aplicaciones en diversos sectores y ocupaciones. Entre las visiones más positivas sobre este tipo de tecnología, se encuentran las que esperan que la IA se incluya de forma intensiva en las empresas incrementando la productividad, la riqueza y modificando la estructura laboral de la mayor parte de los sectores económicos, incentivando la creación de nuevos perfiles laborales, especializados y de alto nivel.
Atendiendo al tamaño de las empresas, el 18% de las grandes empresas españolas ya apuestan por la IA, frente al 17% de la media de la UE27. Por su parte, en las pymes los datos de adopción de IA son aún muy modestos tanto para el caso de España (7%) como para la media de la UE (6%).
Si se tiene en cuenta el tipo de tecnología de inteligencia artificial, la más utilizada en las empresas españolas -tanto grandes empresas como pymes-, es el aprendizaje automático a través de big data (4%), seguida de los robots de servicio (3%), los asistentes virtuales a clientes o chatbots (2%) y el procesamiento de lenguaje natural (1%).
Según el grado de adopción de la IA por sectores empresariales en España, la rama de actividad de las agencias de viajes y reservas de operadores turísticos es la más proclive a su uso, alcanzando el 14% de las empresas turísticas.
Le siguen las empresas de información y comunicación y el sector TIC, con un 13% de adopción de sistemas de Inteligencia Artificial. También es intensivo su empleo en compañías eléctricas y en los sectores de transporte, comercio al por menor y alojamientos, con usos de herramientas con IA por encima del 10%.
El dossier del ONTSI se ha elaborado utilizando como fuente los datos publicados por Eurostat en febrero de 2021, a partir de la encuesta de uso de tecnología de la información y la comunicación y comercio electrónico por parte de las empresas realizada en el año 2020.
Fuente: https://www.computing.es/
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